回显就是服务端将接收到的任何内容回发给客户端显示,然后关闭客户端的连接。这个服务端可以处理任何数量的客户端。每个客户端连接之后发送一个消息,服务端接收到消息后把它发送回去。在那之后,服务端关闭连接。具体流程如下图所示。
对于tcp而言,我们需要一个额外的保证:每一个消息以换行符结束(‘\n’)。编写一个同步回显服务端/客户端非常简单。下面我们分别实现同步客户端,同步服务端,异步客户端和异步服务端。
一.tcp同步客户端
#ifdef win32
#define _win32_winnt 0x0501
#include
#endif
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace boost::asio;
using boost::system::error_code;
io_service service;
size_t read_complete(char * buf, const error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
if (err) return 0;
bool found = std::find(buf, buf bytes, '\n') < buf bytes;
// 一个一个字符的读取,直到回车, 不缓存
return found ? 0 : 1;
}
ip::tcp::endpoint ep(ip::address::from_string("127.0.0.1"), 8001);
void sync_echo(std::string msg) {
msg = "\n";
ip::tcp::socket sock(service);
sock.connect(ep);
sock.write_some(buffer(msg));
char buf[1024];
int bytes = read(sock, buffer(buf), boost::bind(read_complete, buf, _1, _2));
std::string copy(buf, bytes - 1);
msg = msg.substr(0, msg.size() - 1);
std::cout << "server echoed our " << msg << ": "
<< (copy == msg ? "ok" : "fail") << std::endl;
sock.close();
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// 连接多个客户端
char* messages[] = { "can", "ge", "ge", "blog!", 0 };
boost::thread_group threads;
for (char ** message = messages; *message; message) {
threads.create_thread(boost::bind(sync_echo, *message));
boost::this_thread::sleep(boost::posix_time::millisec(100));
}
threads.join_all();
system("pause");
}
你会发现,在读取时,我使用了自由函数(不属于socket类,属于命名空间asio)read(),因为我想要读‘\n’之前的所有内容。sock.read_some()方法满足不了这个要求,因为它只会读可用的,不一定是整个的消息。
read(stream, buffer [, completion])这个方法同步地从一个流中读取数据。你可以选择指定一个完成处理方法。完成处理方法会在每次read操作调用成功之后调用,然后告诉read操作是否完成(如果没有完成,它会继续读取)。它的格式是:size_t completion(const boost::system::error_code& err, size_t bytes_transfered) 。当这个完成处理方法返回0时,我们认为read操作完成;如果它返回一个非0值,它表示了下一次sock.read_some操作需要从流中读取的字节数。
read_complete一个个的读取字符,直到回车,这是通过std::find方法控制的,std::find的行为大概如下。
template
inputiterator find (inputiterator first, inputiterator last, const t& val)
{
while (first!=last) {
if (*first==val) return first;
first;
}
return last;
}
结合到上面客户端代码就是,如果没有找到回车'\n',std::find始终返回buf bytes,否则返回'\n'的地址,也就是buf bytes-1,此时'\n'是已读取内容的最后一个字符。
注意:因为我们是同步的,所以不需要调用service.run()。
二.tcp同步服务端
#ifdef win32
#define _win32_winnt 0x0501
#include
#endif
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace boost::asio;
using namespace boost::posix_time;
using boost::system::error_code;
io_service service;
size_t read_complete(char * buff, const error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
if ( err) return 0;
bool found = std::find(buff, buff bytes, '\n') < buff bytes;
// we read one-by-one until we get to enter, no buffering
return found ? 0 : 1;
}
void handle_connections() {
ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(service, ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::tcp::v4(),8001));
char buff[1024];
while ( true) {
ip::tcp::socket sock(service);
acceptor.accept(sock);
int bytes = read(sock, buffer(buff),
boost::bind(read_complete,buff,_1,_2));
std::string msg(buff, bytes);
sock.write_some(buffer(msg));
sock.close();
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
handle_connections();
}
服务端的逻辑主要在handle_connections()。因为是单线程,它接受一个客户端请求,读取客户端发送的消息,然后回发给客户端,接着等待下一个连接。可以确定,当两个客户端同时连接时,第二个客户端需要等待服务端处理完第一个客户端的请求。
还是要注意因为我们是同步的,所以不需要调用service.run()。
下面是客户端回显的结果,当然要先启动服务端。
三.tcp异步客户端
#ifdef win32
#define _win32_winnt 0x0501
#include
#endif
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace boost::asio;
io_service service;
#define mem_fn(x) boost::bind(&self_type::x, shared_from_this())
#define mem_fn1(x,y) boost::bind(&self_type::x, shared_from_this(),y)
#define mem_fn2(x,y,z) boost::bind(&self_type::x, shared_from_this(),y,z)
class talk_to_svr : public boost::enable_shared_from_this
, boost::noncopyable {
typedef talk_to_svr self_type;
talk_to_svr(const std::string & message)
: sock_(service), started_(true), message_(message) {}
void start(ip::tcp::endpoint ep) {
sock_.async_connect(ep, mem_fn1(on_connect, _1));
}
public:
typedef boost::system::error_code error_code;
typedef boost::shared_ptr ptr;
static ptr start(ip::tcp::endpoint ep, const std::string & message) {
ptr new_(new talk_to_svr(message));
new_->start(ep);
return new_;
}
void stop() {
if (!started_) return;
started_ = false;
sock_.close();
}
bool started() { return started_; }
private:
void on_connect(const error_code & err) {
if (!err) do_write(message_ "\n");
else stop();
}
void on_read(const error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
if (!err) {
std::string copy(read_buffer_, bytes - 1);
std::cout << "server echoed our " << message_ << ": "
<< (copy == message_ ? "ok" : "fail") << std::endl;
}
stop();
}
void on_write(const error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
do_read();
}
void do_read() {
async_read(sock_, buffer(read_buffer_),
mem_fn2(read_complete, _1, _2), mem_fn2(on_read, _1, _2));
}
void do_write(const std::string & msg) {
if (!started()) return;
std::copy(msg.begin(), msg.end(), write_buffer_);
sock_.async_write_some(buffer(write_buffer_, msg.size()),
mem_fn2(on_write, _1, _2));
}
size_t read_complete(const boost::system::error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
if (err) return 0;
bool found = std::find(read_buffer_, read_buffer_ bytes, '\n') < read_buffer_ bytes;
return found ? 0 : 1;
}
private:
ip::tcp::socket sock_;
enum { max_msg = 1024 };
char read_buffer_[max_msg];
char write_buffer_[max_msg];
bool started_;
std::string message_;
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
ip::tcp::endpoint ep(ip::address::from_string("127.0.0.1"), 8001);
char* messages[] = { "can", "ge", "ge", "blog", 0 };
for (char ** message = messages; *message; message) {
talk_to_svr::start(ep, *message);
boost::this_thread::sleep(boost::posix_time::millisec(100));
}
service.run();
system("pause");
}
四.tcp异步服务端
#ifdef win32
#define _win32_winnt 0x0501
#include
#endif
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace boost::asio;
using namespace boost::posix_time;
io_service service;
#define mem_fn(x) boost::bind(&self_type::x, shared_from_this())
#define mem_fn1(x,y) boost::bind(&self_type::x, shared_from_this(),y)
#define mem_fn2(x,y,z) boost::bind(&self_type::x, shared_from_this(),y,z)
class talk_to_client : public boost::enable_shared_from_this, boost::noncopyable {
typedef talk_to_client self_type;
talk_to_client() : sock_(service), started_(false) {}
public:
typedef boost::system::error_code error_code;
typedef boost::shared_ptr ptr;
void start() {
started_ = true;
do_read();
}
static ptr new_() {
ptr new_(new talk_to_client);
return new_;
}
void stop() {
if (!started_) return;
started_ = false;
sock_.close();
}
ip::tcp::socket & sock() { return sock_; }
private:
void on_read(const error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
if (!err) {
std::string msg(read_buffer_, bytes);
// echo message back, and then stop
do_write(msg "\n");
}
stop();
}
void on_write(const error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
do_read();
}
void do_read() {
async_read(sock_, buffer(read_buffer_),
mem_fn2(read_complete, _1, _2), mem_fn2(on_read, _1, _2));
}
void do_write(const std::string & msg) {
std::copy(msg.begin(), msg.end(), write_buffer_);
sock_.async_write_some(buffer(write_buffer_, msg.size()),
mem_fn2(on_write, _1, _2));
}
size_t read_complete(const boost::system::error_code & err, size_t bytes) {
if (err) return 0;
bool found = std::find(read_buffer_, read_buffer_ bytes, '\n') < read_buffer_ bytes;
// we read one-by-one until we get to enter, no buffering
return found ? 0 : 1;
}
private:
ip::tcp::socket sock_;
enum { max_msg = 1024 };
char read_buffer_[max_msg];
char write_buffer_[max_msg];
bool started_;
};
ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(service, ip::tcp::endpoint(ip::tcp::v4(), 8001));
void handle_accept(talk_to_client::ptr client, const boost::system::error_code & err) {
client->start();
talk_to_client::ptr new_client = talk_to_client::new_();
acceptor.async_accept(new_client->sock(), boost::bind(handle_accept, new_client, _1));
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
talk_to_client::ptr client = talk_to_client::new_();
acceptor.async_accept(client->sock(), boost::bind(handle_accept, client, _1));
service.run();
}
tcp异步客户端和异步服务端的关键是enable_shared_from_this模板类的使用,关于enable_shared_from_this详见: c 11新特性之十一:enable_shared_from_this,c 11和boost的enable_shared_from_this功能和原理一样。
客户端回显结果和同步时的一样,如下: